![]() A large number of studies have demonstrated an increase, with HRT, of skin thickness associated with higher skin collagen content. "Estrogen in replacement therapy both prevents collagen loss and stimulates increases in collagen production. "most subjects exhibited the driest skin during the menstrual flow, when circulating estrogen levels are at their lowest (2)." Elevated endogenous estrogen levels during pregnancy also improve the hydroscopic properties of the dermis (4)." "Estrogen replacement therapy has been demonstrated to improve skin hydration (4), and decrease the risk of postmenopausal dry skin (20). "Improvements in water retention are a result of an increase in acid mucopolysaccharides and hyaluronic acid in the dermis (29)." "The age-associated decline in estrogen is accompanied by drier skin as the water-holding capacity is reduced (20)." HRT has achieved increases in skin thickness of up to 15% (20)." The direct effects of estrogen with regard to skin thickness are confirmed by the observation that estrogen replacement in menopause is consistently associated with a thickening of the skin. "Declines in estrogen in menopause are clearly associated with the thinning of the skin observed as women age. Skin function Increased water-binding capacity (88) Increased epidermal hyperpigmentation (81) ![]() Increased production of collagen fibers (86) "Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) studies, in postmenopausal women, demonstrate that it is declining estrogen levels, as opposed to other aspects of aging, that are associated with undesirable skin changes that accompany aging (9)." We have a constant flux of hormones and many of us continue taking hormones the remainder of our lives. ![]() The reason, I think, ciswomen age faster and look older is because of their fluctuations and times of low E AND how their hormones already start to decline significantly after 30-40 yrs old.
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